It was first reported in 1925 by the US psychologist F (rederick) H (ansen. It is possible that unrealistically optimistic people will behave much less in line with the aforementioned recommendations, causing coronavirus to spread widely. A judgemental bias that tends to affect peoples subjective estimates of the likelihood of future events in their lives, causing them to overestimate the likelihood of positive or desirable events and to underestimate the likelihood of negative or undesirable events. This result is important for health experts who are responsible for making people comply with regulations concerning social distancing, putting masks on to stop infection, and staying at home. Conclusions: The study revealed a fairly general occurrence of unrealistic optimism, which was mainly observed in men as it appeared in all three measures, but also in women in the last two measures. M = 5.38 in phase 2 and 3, respectively p ≤ 0.012 for both comparisons). M (other female student) = 4.95, and M = 4.99 vs. Testimonials Versus Informational Persuasive Messages: The Moderating. M = 5.38 in phase one, two, and three, respectively p ≤ 0.006 for all comparison), but also in women in the last two measures ( M (you) = 4.55 vs. Narratives, and Informational Messages in Reducing Unrealistic Optimism About. The flip side of self-enhancement bias (which is concerned with feeling good about oneself). M (other male student) = 4.63 M = 3.71 vs. wishful thinking can result in unrealistic optimism.38. The phenomenon of unrealistic optimism was observed especially in men (as compared to other male participants) as it appeared in all three measures ( M (you) = 3.95 vs.
Results: We showed that women estimated the chances of being infected as significantly higher ( M = 4.52, SD = 2.079 t = 2.387 p = 0.018 Cohen’s d = 0.393) than men ( M = 3.71, SD = 2.042). The survey was conducted in three waves: prior to the announcement of the first case of coronavirus (2–3 March), immediately after that announcement (5–6 March), and a few days later (9–10 March). How people maintain unrealistic optimism, despite. Participants ( n = 171, 67.3% of women) in a subjective way judged the risk of their coronavirus infection and the likelihood that this would happen to an average student of the same sex from their class. Unrealistic optimism is a pervasive human trait that influences domains ranging from personal relationships to politics and finance. Methods: Survey studies were conducted to examine the level of unrealistic optimism.
Thus, we aimed to investigate whether in the situation of an imminent coronavirus pandemic, people would still perceive themselves as being less exposed to the disease than others. Study 4 thus aimed to create an experimental situation that was as controlled as those in Studies 2 and 3, but with the addition of a genuine cost to participants. Objective: The results of numerous empirical studies have showed the occurrence of so-called unrealistic optimism. The proponent of unrealistic optimism must then argue that unrealistic optimism would only manifest in the presence of genuine, self-relevant outcomes (i.e., in non-fictional scenarios).